Comprehensive Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Powertrain Dynamics Under Realistic Drive Cycles

The shift towards electric mobility is critical in addressing global environmental challenges, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and urban air pollution. However, Electric Vehicles (EVs) still face issues related to range, efficiency, and performance under real-world driving conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of EV performance in MATLAB/Simulink, considering the effects of diverse international and regional drive cycles. A detailed EV model incorporating realistic powertrain dynamics, driver behaviour, using a Permanent Magnet Direct Current Motor (PMDC) formulated to evaluate energy consumption and efficiency. Furthermore, by comparing drive cycles with distinct speed, acceleration, and vehicle specifications, the study reveals significant variations in EV behaviour and energy consumption, emphasising the need for localised and application-specific cycle analysis. The paper also investigates the dynamic effects of different driving patterns, Indian Drive Cycle (IDC), Modified Indian Drive Cycle (MIDC) and Japanese 10 mode, and the effect of regenerative braking in the SOC of the battery. Through comparative performance analysis, this work aids the enhancement of EV design, deployment, and overall acceptance.