Recent advances in equine ophthalmology: a select review

Equine ocular health is a critical aspect of equine medicine, with the potential for significant impact on patient welfare. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in understanding and treatment of select ophthalmic diseases: ulcerative fungal keratitis, immune-mediated keratitis, iris cysts, equine recurrent uveitis (leptospirosis), glaucoma and ocular diseases of geriatric equids. Current antifungal therapies, in addition to novel azoles like luliconazole, are discussed. Corneal cross-linking emerges as a potential adjunctive treatment for ulcerative keratitis, although further research is required. Developments in immune-mediated keratitis management indicate geographical variations in disease prevalence and clinical signs. Diode laser therapy offers a non-invasive approach to resolving symptomatic iris cysts, while studies on equine recurrent uveitis investigate the role of Leptospira spp., including regional differences in clinically relevant serovars. Innovations in glaucoma treatment, including MicroPulse laser therapy, show mixed results, necessitating further investigation. Lastly, a study on geriatric equids revealed a high prevalence of ocular pathologies, although most do not impair vision. Continued research into emerging therapies, novel surgical techniques and region-specific treatment approaches will be essential in advancing equine ophthalmology and improving patient outcomes.