Prevalence of Illicit Drug Detection in 5 US Cities Among Out-of-Treatment People Who Inject Drugs
This cross-sectional study found widespread fentanyl and polysubstance detection, with rising xylazine and stimulant detection that varied by sociodemographic and structural vulnerabilities and may be due to adulteration within the unregulated drug supply. These findings highlight urgent public health needs for real-time drug supply surveillance, targeted harm-reduction services, and integrated treatment approaches to reduce overdose risk and address social and structural vulnerabilities.
Authors
- E. Morrison
- Marc Siegel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-8389)
- Rahul P. Bakshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-1031)
- JE Lake
- Cécile Denis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-6080)
- Manya Magnus
- Rashaunna Redd
- Timothy Skalland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-7685)
- Melissa Cummings
- W. Clarke
- Amy M. Richards
- Steven Shoptaw
- David Goodman-Meza
- Jayla Harris-Wisecarver
- Paul Richardson
- Nabila El-Bassel
- Philip Andrew
- Redonna Chandler
- David Metzger
- Quiana Allen
- Usiel Gutierrez
- Rahul Paul Choudhury
- Brett Hanscom
- HPTN 094 Study Team
- Irene Kuo
Institutions
- Family Health International 360 (US)
- Milken Institute (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Institute for Advanced Study (DE)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- JAMA Network Open
- Published
- 2026-02-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.55882
- Primary Topic
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00