Healing through nature: A scoping review of eating disorders and nature-based interventions

Nature-based interventions (NBIs) present a promising but underexplored approach in recreational therapy for improving the quality of life in individuals with eating disorders (EDs). Due to limited research, this scoping review focuses on strategies and techniques for implementing NBIs, including wilderness therapy, horticultural therapy, forest bathing, and adventure therapy. Based on theoretical frameworks such as the Biophilia Hypothesis, Attention Restoration Theory, and Stress Reduction Theory, this review suggests ways nature-based experiences may promote emotional regulation, mindfulness, self-efficacy, and social well-being. However, several practical and individual challenges must be addressed, including limited access to natural spaces, financial and logistical constraints, psychological resistance, and the need for culturally sensitive approaches. Additionally, the lack of standardized evaluation methods makes it difficult to measure the effectiveness of NBIs in ED recovery. Given these challenges, this paper offers recommendations for recreational therapists to adapt and integrate NBIs into treatment, emphasizing creative solutions and individualized approaches. By exploring the possibilities of NBI with people who have EDs, this paper contributes to the growing conversation on using nature-based strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes.