Crystallographic Metallurgy of Nickel Titanium Instruments in Endodontics. A Comprehensive Review

A solid grasp of the mechanical and physical properties of nickel titanium (NiTi) endodontic files, as well as their link to metallurgical characteristics is required for clini-cians to appreciate the role and proper use of NiTi instruments during root canal treatment. Various thermo mechanical treatment techniques have been created to increase the clinical performance and improve the fracture resistance of NiTi instruments.Knowledge will also assist clinicians in selecting the most appropriate instruments forroot canal treatment. During heat treatment, NiTi alloy undergoes phase change to increase mechanical characteristics. This narrative analysis evaluate how various thermo mechanical heat treatment technique affect the metallurgical properties of NiTialloys, as well as discussing newly introduced thermomechanical process altered NiTiendodontic instruments.