Risk factors and a nomogram for bovine jugular vein conduit failure after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: a 10-year single-center cohort

Using routinely available peri-operative variables, we developed an interpretable nomogram to estimate the risk of BJVC failure and to inform individualized surveillance and intervention planning. The model showed good internal performance but was derived in a single-center cohort with a modest number of events; prospective multicenter validation and, if necessary, recalibration are required before routine clinical implementation.