Advanced Biomaterials Revolutionize Gout Therapy: From Uric Acid Degradation to Pain Alleviation

ABSTRACT Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis resulting from abnormal uric acid (UA) metabolism. The core issue is elevated UA levels in the body, which cause the formation and accumulation of insoluble crystals in the joints or surrounding tissues, leading to a severe inflammatory response. Due to its complex causes, gout treatment faces challenges such as difficulty in achieving a complete cure and a high recurrence rate, which increases the risk of other systemic diseases. Functionalized biomaterials have been widely applied in the biomedical field and have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic potential, particularly for treating inflammatory diseases. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility and multiple bioactivities, these materials can effectively address multiple challenges faced in gout treatment. In this review, we categorize gout treatment into three aspects: UA degradation, inflammation reduction, and pain relief, and provide a systematic overview of the mechanisms and recent advancements in multifunctional biomaterials for managing gout from these three angles, emphasizing the importance of addressing gout‐related pain and highlighting the current scarcity of research in this area. This review offers a novel perspective for optimizing the design and application of functionalized biomaterials, facilitating the development of more effective gout treatment strategies.