Impact of immune-related adverse events on treatment outcomes in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

The occurrence of both uni-irAE and multi-irAEs was associated with favorable prognosis in ESCC patients treated with ICIs. Furthermore, patients who developed endocrine irAEs or mild irAEs also demonstrated improved efficacy, suggesting their potential as clinical response markers for a positive response to therapy. This finding emphasizes the necessity of vigilant monitoring and early intervention for irAEs in patients undergoing ICIs.