A pathological property of nonlocal discrete operators

We demonstrate that there exist sequences <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-brace u Subscript n Baseline right-brace Subscript n equals 0 Superscript normal infinity Baseline subset-of-or-equal-to left-parenthesis 0 comma plus normal infinity right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">{</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo> ⊆ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\big \{ u_{n} \big \}_{n = 0}^{\infty } \subseteq (0, +\infty )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="u Subscript n plus 1 Baseline greater-than u Subscript n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">u_{n + 1}&gt; u_{n}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> for each <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n element-of double-struck upper N 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\in \mathbb {N}_{0}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , but yet the fractional difference of the sequence is uniformly negative. This demonstrates a pathological property of nonlocal discrete operators.

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Journal
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society Series B
Published
2026-01-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/bproc/278
Primary Topic
Approximation Theory and Sequence Spaces
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article
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article

A pathological property of nonlocal discrete operators

Christopher S. Goodrich, W. Chang, KL Nguyen, Valentio Iverson
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society Series B
Approximation Theory and Sequence Spaces
article

A pathological property of nonlocal discrete operators

Christopher S. Goodrich, W. Chang, KL Nguyen, Valentio Iverson
article en

Abstract

We demonstrate that there exist sequences <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-brace u Subscript n Baseline right-brace Subscript n equals 0 Superscript normal infinity Baseline subset-of-or-equal-to left-parenthesis 0 comma plus normal infinity right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">{</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo> ⊆ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\big \{ u_{n} \big \}_{n = 0}^{\infty } \subseteq (0, +\infty )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="u Subscript n plus 1 Baseline greater-than u Subscript n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">u_{n + 1}&gt; u_{n}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> for each <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n element-of double-struck upper N 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\in \mathbb {N}_{0}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , but yet the fractional difference of the sequence is uniformly negative. This demonstrates a pathological property of nonlocal discrete operators.

Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society Series BVol. 13(3)
University of Waterloo (CA), University of California, Los Angeles (US), UNSW Sydney (AU)
Openalex Percentile: Top 67%
Approximation Theory and Sequence Spaces
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