Veillonella, Neisseria, Prevotella, and Lachnoanaerobaculum enrichment in salivary microbiome predicts gallstone disease

Salivary microbiome dysbiosis in GSD patients demonstrated significant associations with disrupted bile acid homeostasis, suggesting a potential role of the oral microbiota in modulating lithogenic processes. The markedly altered microbial signatures may contribute to GSD pathogenesis, while the XGBoost-based diagnostic model shows considerable promise as a noninvasive tool for GSD detection.