The impact of Transcendental Meditation on psychological distress and coping in the lives of women in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial

In this randomized controlled trial with women living in poverty in Uganda <i>(n = 199)</i> we explored the impact of Transcendental Meditation^® (TM^®) on <i>perceived stress</i>-the primary outcome measure, and <i>self-efficacy, anger, anxiety, fatigue, sleep,</i> and <i>resilience</i> as secondary measures. After baseline testing participants were randomly assigned to either practice of TM or to a waitlist control group. Participants learned TM over five consecutive days and then practiced at home for 20 -minutes twice a day. Post testing took place after three months. A significant reduction was found in <i>perceived stress, anger,</i> and <i>fatigue</i>, and a significant improvement in <i>self-efficacy</i> and <i>sleep quality.</i> In a follow-up questionnaire at eight months, participants reported improved physical and mental health, increased ability to handle domestic violence, and improved relationships. Results indicate the TM program has a positive impact on psychological distress and coping and could add value to programs for women in Uganda.