Problematic internet users develop enhanced perceptual processing to offset neural deficits in conflict monitoring

Problematic internet use (PIU) has been extensively studied for its impact on brain function, yet the underlying neural dynamics of information processing remain unclear. This event-related potential (ERP) study employed a numerical Stroop task with congruent, neutral, and incongruent conditions to examine facilitation (congruent–neutral) and interference (incongruent–neutral) effects across multilevel processing stages in individuals with PIU and normal controls. Both group-level and individual-level analyses were conducted to characterize distinct neural patterns and variability. Although behavioral performance was comparable between groups, ERP results revealed differences. The PIU group showed a reduced N450 interference effect, a finding consistent with impaired conflict monitoring. Notably, this neural deficit did not compromise behavioral performance, suggesting the engagement of alternative information processing strategies. Furthermore, ERP facilitation effects were positively correlated with PIU severity, indicate that individuals with PIU may rely more heavily on physical stimulus features across processing stages. This attentional bias aligns with a pattern of heightened early perceptual sensitivity observed in the N100 component. Collectively, these findings suggest that despite deficits in conflict monitoring, individuals with PIU may utilize compensatory attentional mechanisms to maintain performance. This study offers novel insights into the neural architecture of information processing in PIU, highlighting potential compensatory strategies within this population.