Prostaglandin E2 Dynamics in Patients Treated with Different Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial

orthodontic appliances, rather than by the inflammation brought on by improper oral hygiene.The amount and distribution of force produced by various orthodontic appliances can affect the degree of inflammatory reaction and, in turn, PGE 2 generation.Therefore, assessing PGE 2 levels in patients receiving treatment with various appliance systems might yield important information on the biological IntroductIonThe orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is caused by the remodeling of the alveolar bone, resulting from the application of orthodontic forces.Several biomarkers are released in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a result of the orthodontic stresses applied, distorting the periodontal ligament (PDL) matrix. 1 Alfano classified GCF as an inflammatory effusion and recognized it as the sulcular fluid. 2 Among the substances extracted from the sulcular fluid were cytokines, electrolytes, antigens, small organic compounds, and enzymes generated from bacteria. 1,2he remodeling of the bone releases a variety of cytokines, each of which plays a unique role in the adaptability of periodontal tissue.PGE 2 is believed to be the most important mediator and powerful inducer of bone resorption among all the cytokines, while its function in the bone during OTM was initially studied by Yamasaki et al. through their rat studies. 3,4Numerous investigations have demonstrated that both fibroblasts and bone cells respond to mechanical pressure by producing more PGE 2 . 5he mechanical properties of all orthodontic appliances and the forces they produce vary.These forces cause alveolar bone remodeling, which leads to the release of inflammatory mediators.The retention areas of the appliances also play a major role in plaque accumulation, which again causes inflammation of the tissues.Therefore, it is imperative to determine if the production of PGE 2 is exclusively due to the various stresses exerted on teeth by various 1,