Advances in research on impulse hydro‐turbine technology

Abstract To accelerate the development of impulse hydro‐turbines and support the efficient utilization of hydropower resources in Southwest China, this paper examines the background, historical development, and research progress of impulse hydro‐turbines. By analyzing energy development data, hydropower potential, and research trends in impulse hydro‐turbines, we provide a comprehensive review based on existing studies and technical achievements from domestic and international scholars. This paper focuses on five key components: distributors, injectors (including deflectors), runners, auxiliary systems, and engineering applications. For each part, the working principles and technological progress are detailed. Furthermore, five main findings are highlighted—such as the role of impulse hydropower in addressing China's energy crisis—and five recommendations are put forward, including the need to strengthen related technological capabilities in China. This review aims to provide a reference for further research and industrial development.