Cockroach gut microbiota as a hidden biodegradation system for plastic waste management towards UN sustainable development goals

Abstract Plastic pollution is a significant ecological challenge of the 21st century. Conventional recycling and disposal strategies remain inadequate, and there is growing interest in biological approaches to counter plastic waste. Here, we discuss insect-based plastic degradation, highlight the potential of cockroaches and their gut microbiota and examine molecular mechanisms, to contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We argue that insects should be considered not only as opportunistic feeders but also as living bioreactors capable of extending their metabolic repertoire through microbial symbiosis.