The challenges of human resources management (HRM) in social and solidarity economy (SSE) organizations in achieving sustainable performance: The case of NGOs in Tunisia

This article examines sustainable performance in Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) organizations through the lens of their distinct human resources management (HRM) practices. It argues that sustainable performance hinges on stakeholder satisfaction and engagement, both shaped by HRM. SSE organizations must manage a diverse workforce of employees and volunteers, requiring a dual HRM approach that balances integration and differentiation. Based on a qualitative study of 32 and a quantitative study of 126 Tunisian NGOs, the findings highlight that only HRM practices tailored to SSE values can effectively support long-term organizational performance.