Comparative Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Efficacy of

This study evaluates and compares the phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial efficacy of Marrubium vulgare L. and Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni hydroethanolic extracts. Using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, we identified including marrubiin, verbascoside, and steviol glycosides. We tested these extracts against four bacterial strains and Candida albicans. Gram-positive strains exhibited significant susceptibility to M. vulgare (MIC 0.78-1.56 mg/mL). In contrast, S. rebaudiana showed superior antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC 1.56 mg/mL). These distinct profiles highlight the specific potential of M. vulgare as an antibacterial and S. rebaudiana as an antifungal agent in natural medicine.