Catalyst‐Free Ammonia Formation at the Gas‐Liquid Interface Enables Selective Nitrogen‐Saccharide Association Under Abiotic Conditions

ABSTRACT Ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of the quintessential building blocks in the renowned nitrogen cycle, which sustains life activities. Probing the abiotic formation of ammonia is vital to both understanding the prebiotic nitrogen incorporation, and exploring novel opportunities in its synthetic acquisition. Here, we report a catalyst‐free process for in situ ammonia formation at the gas‐liquid interface of aqueous microdroplets. Specifically, saccharide molecular‐probe solution through dinitrogen nebulization generated saccharide‐ammonium adducts [M+NH 4 ] + in mass spectrometry detection that were absent under argon‐mediated control experiments, while ion chromatography and UV–Vis spectroscopy independently verified ammonia generation exclusively in aqueous microdroplet. Quantitative isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry determined an overall NH 3 formation rate of 8.35 × 10 −4 mg·h −1 in the microdroplet spray region. Spin‐trapping, electron paramagnetic resonance, radical‐scavenging, and intermediate‐derivatization experiments, supported by electric‐field‐assisted theoretical calculations, further indicate a hydrogen‐radical‐mediated, stepwise nitrogen hydrogenation pathway involving N 2 H 4 . Additionally, saccharides, decreasing microdroplet size enhances ammonium adduct formation while suppressing alkali‐metal adducts, a trend rationalized by electric‐field‐dependent stabilization of [M+NH 4 ] + over [M+Na] + and [M+K] + , as supported by density functional theory calculations. These findings support a microdroplet‐electric‐field‐driven ambient ammonia formation at the gas‐liquid interfaces, and provide mechanistic insights into prebiotic nitrogen‐saccharide association under abiotic conditions.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie
Published
2026-02-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202524389
Primary Topic
Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Catalyst‐Free Ammonia Formation at the Gas‐Liquid Interface Enables Selective Nitrogen‐Saccharide Association Under Abiotic Conditions

Y. Zhang, Shihao Sun, Bo Sui, Guobi Chai et al.
Angewandte Chemie
Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
article

Catalyst‐Free Ammonia Formation at the Gas‐Liquid Interface Enables Selective Nitrogen‐Saccharide Association Under Abiotic Conditions

Y. Zhang, Shihao Sun, Bo Sui, Guobi Chai, Wuduo Zhao, Hang Yuan, Ajuan Yu, Shanshan Ma, Hongtu Zhang
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of the quintessential building blocks in the renowned nitrogen cycle, which sustains life activities. Probing the abiotic formation of ammonia is vital to both understanding the prebiotic nitrogen incorporation, and exploring novel opportunities in its synthetic acquisition. Here, we report a catalyst‐free process for in situ ammonia formation at the gas‐liquid interface of aqueous microdroplets. Specifically, saccharide molecular‐probe solution through dinitrogen nebulization generated saccharide‐ammonium adducts [M+NH 4 ] + in mass spectrometry detection that were absent under argon‐mediated control experiments, while ion chromatography and UV–Vis spectroscopy independently verified ammonia generation exclusively in aqueous microdroplet. Quantitative isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry determined an overall NH 3 formation rate of 8.35 × 10 −4 mg·h −1 in the microdroplet spray region. Spin‐trapping, electron paramagnetic resonance, radical‐scavenging, and intermediate‐derivatization experiments, supported by electric‐field‐assisted theoretical calculations, further indicate a hydrogen‐radical‐mediated, stepwise nitrogen hydrogenation pathway involving N 2 H 4 . Additionally, saccharides, decreasing microdroplet size enhances ammonium adduct formation while suppressing alkali‐metal adducts, a trend rationalized by electric‐field‐dependent stabilization of [M+NH 4 ] + over [M+Na] + and [M+K] + , as supported by density functional theory calculations. These findings support a microdroplet‐electric‐field‐driven ambient ammonia formation at the gas‐liquid interfaces, and provide mechanistic insights into prebiotic nitrogen‐saccharide association under abiotic conditions.

Angewandte ChemieVol. 138(11)
Zhengzhou University (CN), Shanghai Institute of Technology (CN), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (CN)
Responsible consumption and production
Openalex Percentile: Top 64%
Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.