Transcriptomic profile and gene expression of human breast cancer cell lines treated with herbal extract of <i>clinacanthus nutans</i> leaves

<i>Clinacanthus nutans</i> (CN) is traditionally used in medicine, but its apoptotic effects on breast cancer cells remain unclear. This study investigated the apoptotic potential of CN dichloromethane leaf extract (CNDCM) in MCF-7 cells using RNA-Seq analysis. Differential gene expression analysis identified 843 genes, with 395 upregulated and 448 downregulated. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed apoptosis-related pathways. Key apoptosis-associated genes, including <i>ALDH3A1, CYP1A1, NOS3, MT1X</i>, and <i>CES1</i>, were further validated by RT-qPCR. These findings suggest CNDCM as a potential candidate for breast cancer therapy.