Lean management and employee engagement in industry 4.0: a sustainable HRM perspective from Tunisia

Lean Management originating in the Japanese automotive sector has become a key strategy for continuous improvement and efficiency across industries. In the context of Sustainable Human Resource Management (SHRM), it aligns operational performance with long-term human capital development. Lean principles such as just-in-time, employee empowerment, Kaizen, Gemba, and value stream mapping enhance both productivity and employee engagement. This study explores the application of these tools within Tunisia’s Industry 4.0 framework, examining their impact on employee motivation and commitment. Results show that Lean practices not only improve efficiency but also foster participative and health-promoting work environments. When applied with a focus on employee involvement and development, Lean Management supports both organizational performance and social sustainability. The study highlights the importance of embedding Lean tools into organizational culture, emphasizing a balanced approach that values operational excellence alongside employee well-being. It contributes to understanding Lean as a strategic driver for sustainable performance in dynamic business environments.