What Is Space Bioethics?

Classical bioethics examines moral issues in terrestrial medicine and the life sciences. According to Konrad Szocik, space bioethics merely relocates those questions to harsher environments. We argue that this view is incomplete: space bioethics is a genuinely original domain. Unprecedented conditions-chronic radiation exposure, partial gravity, closed ecologies, long communication delays, and severe resource constraints-reconfigure risk and responsibility. Survival-oriented interventions-human bio-enhancement, human-machine integration, germline editing for adaptation and off-world reproduction (potentially via ectogenesis)-pose dilemmas with no close terrestrial analogue. Moreover, some technologies may be developed and adopted in space before diffusion to Earth, generating ethical challenges in advance. These scenarios strain the portability of standard moral norms and cannot be addressed by simply importing frameworks from military or extreme-environment medicine.