Prevalence and risk factors of caterpillar hair-induced ophthalmitis: A retrospective analysis

Objectives: Caterpillar hair-induced ophthalmitis (CHIO) is an inflammatory response of ocular tissue due to contact with caterpillar hair. This study aims to determine the epidemiology and risk factors of CHIO in rural Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a hospital in rural areas of South Gujarat, from August 2021 to March 2024. Medical records of patients diagnosed with CHIO were analysed. A total of 112 cases were included. To determine the prevalence of CHIO with background characteristics, univariate analyses were conducted using STATA 14 software. Results: Among 112 CHIO patients, 88.4% resided in rural areas, whereas 11.6% were from urban locations. The highest prevalence was observed in the 20–39 years age group (42%). Agricultural workers accounted for 69.6% of cases. Seasonal analysis revealed that 66.1% of cases occurred in winter, followed by 31.2% in monsoon and 2.7% in summer. The upper tarsal conjunctiva was the most commonly affected anatomical site (54.5%). Conclusion: CHIO primarily affects individuals living in rural areas and those engaged in agriculture. Winter months pose the highest risk. Preventive measures, including public awareness and protective eyewear for agricultural workers, could reduce the incidence of CHIO.