Innovative low-carbon applications of non-traditional cementitious materials for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash stabilization

The improper disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) presents serious environmental and health risks due to its toxic constituents, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable treatment and reuse strategies. This study aims to evaluate the potential of non-traditional cementitious materials in the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of MSWI-FA, thereby offering a low-carbon alternative to conventional methods. The research involves a comprehensive review and analysis of the chemical and physical characteristics of MSWI-FA, with a particular focus on the leaching behavior of heavy metals and the effectiveness of various pretreatment techniques. The scope includes an in-depth investigation of magnesium-based cement, alkali-activated binders, and calcium-aluminate cement, assessing their performance in immobilizing hazardous components of MSWI-FA. Furthermore, the study examines the incorporation of treated MSWI-FA into concrete and assesses its impact on mechanical strength, durability, and microstructural properties. Results from the literature suggest that these alternative binders can effectively stabilize MSWI-FA, reduce environmental risks, while contributing to circular construction practices. The study concludes that non-traditional cementitious materials hold significant promise for integrating waste valorization into sustainable building practices. It recommends further experimental studies, long-term leaching assessments, and standardization of treatment protocols to support the safe and widespread adoption of MSWI-FA in construction materials.