Variation in the Angle of the First Pedal Ray Relative to the Midline of the Foot by Sex and Parity History
We propose that the relatively larger angle in females is likely due to hormonal exposure, specifically relaxin, throughout pregnancy given that parous females have a relatively larger angle than both males and nulliparous females by 1.5°-1.7°, while nulliparous females share a similar average angle with males.
Authors
- Christine M. Harper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-3228)
- Patricia Ann Kramer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-9130)
- Paige S. Whitman
- Addie E C Lomax
Institutions
- University of Washington (US)
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (US)
- Seattle University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- American Journal of Biological Anthropology
- Published
- 2026-02-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70212
- Primary Topic
- Pregnancy-related medical research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00