The atomic bomb: its history and the struggles of scientists

Abstract In this article, I trace the early historical developments that ultimately led to the creation of the atomic bomb. Even after the weapon’s completion, a number of scientists continued to argue that nuclear armaments were indispensable for maintaining the global balance of political power [1]. This study focuses on several scientists who confronted profound moral dilemmas concerning the bomb’s use against Japan. Some openly opposed its deployment, others sought to warn a Japanese scientist in the hope of averting further devastation, and still, others expressed deep remorse in its aftermath. In addition, the experience of an individual directly affected by the bombing is discussed. By examining these episodes, this article aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on how scientific research should be guided by ethical principles in the future.