Hertzsprung–Russell diagram: A bibliometric analysis for the status report of research in the period 1991–2023

This paper, as a sequel of the previous work [Found. Chem. 26, 301–314 (2024)], presents a bibliometric analysis of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (acronym as HR diagram or sometimes simply HRD) which portrays an analog to the periodic table of the elements in the macroscopic system. A fundamental technique for studying stellar evolution and populations, the HRD essentially plots the luminosity or absolute magnitude of stars against their effective temperature or spectral type, revealing the physical properties and evolutionary stages of stars. We employ here bibliometric analysis which has been originated as a vital scientific tool, providing inestimable perception into the publication output of authors, institutions, nations etc. and thus qualifies the researchers to recognize the trends, map research areas and trail the impact of research publications. Exploiting Scopus databases, we have analyzed the scientific production, publication trends, most relevant authors and countries and keywords, author’s impact and research themes of articles related to the HRD. We present a thorough and methodical review of the HRD research field for the period 1991 to 2023 to display how it has evolved.