Analyzing Organizational and Resource Flow Networks for Hubs for Circularity: A Social Network Analysis Approach

Hubs for Circularity (H4C) facilitate resource efficiency and sustainable development by developing inter-organizational collaborations in terms of urban-rural-industrial symbiosis of resources and by-product sharing in the context of local region. Frequent communication and knowledge sharing is very important for trust-building, which is a crucial requisite for industrial symbiosis relationship and mutual benefits building for organizations involved in H4C. This study employs Social Network Analysis (SNA) to examine knowledge-sharing and resource-flow bipartite networks within H4C across four regions (Basque, Turkiye, Netherlands, and Germany). By applying clustering analysis, centrality measures, network density evaluations, and core-periphery classifications, we examine structural characteristics of the networks, their inter-dependencies and knowledge diffusion patterns.<br/><br/>We analyze two interlinked networks: (1) an organizational network representing knowledge exchange and communication dynamics, and (2) the resource network reflecting resource flow exchanges. Centrality measures, including degree, closeness, betweenness, eigenvector, and eccentricity, highlight key organizational actors facilitating knowledge transfer and resource utilization. Network density analysis reveals that organizational interactions are more interconnected than resource exchanges, suggesting stronger knowledge-sharing. Core-periphery analysis indicates that most resource exchanges occur within the core network, while organizational communications extend beyond the core, integrating peripheral actors.<br/><br/>Findings suggest that H4C exhibit distinct symbiotic structures, with German and Turkish hubs displaying centralized, industry-led networks, while the Dutch and Basque hubs demonstrate more collaborative structures involving community and research institutions. The results provide policy and managerial implications for policymakers and industrial stakeholders aiming to facilitate effective inter-organizational collaboration, increase H4C network resilience, expand H4C networks, and enhance resource-sharing mechanisms within industrial ecosystems.