Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation may improve cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases—a systematic review

Evidence from the included studies suggests that taVNS may improve cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric disorders. The underlying mechanisms are likely multifactorial, including localized effects within the brainstem and modulation of broader neural networks. Future studies with longer follow-up periods and standardized stimulation protocols are warranted to clarify the cognitive effects of taVNS in neuropsychiatric populations.