Religious and Tribal Sovereignty in Afghanistan: The Taliban’s Governance, Its Impact on Women’s and Minorities’ Rights, and Global Implications

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the Taliban’s governance since their return to power in Afghanistan in 2021, exploring its historical roots and ideological foundations. It analyzes the systematic oppression of women, particularly through their restricted access to education, employment, and fundamental rights, as well as the dismantling of legal protections by the Taliban authority. Additionally, the paper investigates the marginalization of minorities, including ethnic and religious discrimination, and targeted persecution. It also assesses the broader global implications of Taliban rule, such as shifts in international relations, heightened security risks, and the worsening refugee crisis. By highlighting these critical issues, this study provides insight into the far-reaching consequences of the Taliban’s governance, both within Afghanistan and on the global stage.