<i>Polynucleotides</i> versus <i>exosomes</i> : a comparative analysis

The aesthetics industry is undergoing a paradigm shift toward regenerative and biologically based therapies. This article critically compares polynucleotides (PNs) and exosomes, two innovative modalities demonstrating significant potential in aesthetic and dermatologic applications. Polynucleotides, composed of nucleotide polymers, promote fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and cutaneous hydration, contributing to skin repair and rejuvenation. Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells, facilitate intercellular communication and deliver bioactive molecules that enhance tissue regeneration, immune modulation, and wound healing. While both therapies exhibit promising clinical outcomes, exosomes provide a broader regenerative mechanism but face greater regulatory and ethical scrutiny due to their origin and production methods. The article underscores the necessity for evidence-based practice, safety evaluation, and standardised protocols in advancing these emerging biotechnologies within aesthetic medicine.