Impact of structural variations in diverse high-entropy alloys upon electrochemical behavior

High-entropy alloy materials (HEAs) have emerged as highly promising electrocatalysts, significantly addressing global energy shortages. Their tunable structural composition, multi-metal synergistic effects, adjustable d-band centers, and dynamic evolution of surface oxidation states enable HEAs to exhibit outstanding catalytic activity in electrolytic water splitting, carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction, and fuel cells. However, when using high-entropy alloys as electrocatalysts, challenges remain in selecting constituent elements, controlling particle size, and regulating structural morphology, which can impact their performance. To achieve complex or sequential reactions involving multiple intermediate steps, regulating their dimensions and morphologies is already a cutting-edge field of electrocatalysis research, enabling them to serve as electrocatalysts with controllable characteristics. Although numerous studies have explored the relationship between structural morphology and performance, systematically elucidating the structure-property relationship remains challenging. Therefore, this review will cover new discoveries regarding HEA in electrocatalysis, systematically summarize synthesis strategies for HEAs with different structures, investigate the unique catalytic performance of HEAs under various structural conditions, and explore the general relationship between structure and performance. Finally, effective strategies for optimizing HEA catalysis will be proposed, providing new directions for the future design and synthesis of high-quality HEA.