Observed support behaviors and depression symptoms in romantic couples

Introduction: The link between social support and psychological adjustment can be complex, and supportive behaviors between partners may, at times, become maladaptive and negatively impact each partner's mental health. Utilizing a dyadic approach, this study examined the effect of social support behaviors on depression symptoms in couples. Methods: Romantic couples (N = 123) recruited from southern United States completed a survey assessing depressive symptoms. Observational support interactions were conducted to measure partners’ positive and negative affective support behaviors. Structural equation modeling and actor-partner interdependence models (APIM) were used to estimate effects. Results: Results highlight the unfavorable effects of negative social support behaviors on individuals’ own and their partner's depression symptoms. Additionally, high levels of negative support from one's partner can amplify the influence of negative support on one's own depression symptoms. Positive support behaviors produced no significant predictors of depression symptoms. Discussion: The association between social support behaviors and depression symptoms in couples is beyond individual level; it can be a dependency of both individuals. Future research should continue to examine the complex relationship between social support and psychological adjustment.