When means and standard deviations are an incomplete summary of a continuous variable: problems, solutions, and utilising the reference ranges to check normality
The mean and standard deviation are commonly used to summarise continuous data, often without regard for the distribution of the data.
Authors
- Michael J. Campbell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2739)
- D. Green
- Eirini Koutoumanou
Institutions
- University of London (GB)
- Aston University (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMJ Medicine
- Published
- 2026-02-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2025-001796
- Primary Topic
- Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00