Study on the deformation law and influence of large passenger aircraft in full-scale aircraft static test

The full-aircraft static test constitutes a simulation of various load states, conducted on the aircraft structure within a fixed coordinate system in a laboratory setting. It is imperative to take into account the ultimate deformation and displacement of the aircraft. This paper introduces the main configurations in the process of aircraft development and analyses the special characteristics of the test configurations. Combined with the typical loading conditions of the full-scale static test of a large passenger aircraft, the deformation characteristics of the aircraft are analyzed, and the deformation laws of each major section under different loading conditions are summarized. The effects of large deformation of the aircraft structure on load calculation, load application, attitude control and test execution are analyzed. The study proposes key factors affecting the accuracy of the test, including the determination of the optimal position and attitude for the test condition, the precise control of the aircraft attitude, and the precise calculation of the load after the large deformation of the structure. In addition, the study puts forward evaluation indexes for the accuracy of the test from the three dimensions of load balance, stability of attitude, and reasonableness of data. The results of the study are of great value for the characterization of large deformation aircraft and for the lateral comparison of the quality of test precision.