Reclaiming the essence of Pentecostalism for revitalising faith formation in South African churches

Background: Pentecostalism has significantly shaped the landscape of Christianity in South Africa. However, concerns have been raised that certain independent Pentecostal churches have strayed from the movement’s original theological and missionary foundations that have, in some instances, resulted in theological compromise and exploitation. Objectives: This article explores how reclaiming the historical and theological essence of Pentecostalism, particularly its emphasis on gifts of the Holy Spirit, restoration theology, experiential ethos, evangelism and inclusivity, can meaningfully contribute to faith formation in independent South African Pentecostal churches. Method: This article incorporates a literature review that draws on both historical analysis and contemporary challenges to propose a framework for revitalising Pentecostal faith formation in ways that are both Spirit-led and contextually relevant. Results: Some modern expressions have deviated from Pentecostal roots – resulting in theological compromise and the risk of exploitation – faith formation serves as a vital defence and pathway for renewal. Conclusion: Pentecostalism’s essence – was central to the transformative experiences of its early adherents. However, many independent South African Pentecostal churches have deviated from these foundational roots, resulting in theological compromise, a loss of doctrinal integrity and increased susceptibility to exploitation. By returning to its original essence, Pentecostalism can once again make a meaningful and transformative impact on the faith formation of believers, with the potential to renew both the church and broader society. Contribution: This article argues that faith formation in independent contemporary independent South African Pentecostal churches can be strengthened by returning to the foundational principles of early Pentecostalism. As some modern expressions have deviated from these roots – resulting in theological compromise and the risk of exploitation – faith formation serves as a vital defence and pathway for renewal.