The impact of health belief model-based education and simulation training on clinical outcomes and self-management indicators in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients

To analyze the effects of Health Belief Model (HBM)-based health education combined with simulation training on clinical outcomes and self-management-related indicators in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). A total of 110 PACG patients hospitalized at Ophthalmic Hospital of Tangshan from May to September 2023 were included. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group (55 each) using a random number generator (Excel RAND function). Patients were allocated to separate wards according to group assignment after randomization. The control group received routine care, while the observational group received additional HBM-based health education and simulation training, which included demonstrations of eye drop administration, instructions for emergency management of acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, and training in self-monitoring of IOP. Outcome measures included IOP, glaucoma knowledge, treatment adherence, self-management, anxiety/depression, sleep quality and vision-related quality of life. The observational group demonstrated significantly higher scores in glaucoma knowledge, treatment adherence, self-management, and vision-related quality of life (all P ? 0.001), along with lower IOP, anxiety/depression, and sleep disturbance scores (<i>p</i> <0.05) compared to controls. HBM-based health education integrated with simulation training enhances disease knowledge, self-management, and quality of life while reducing IOP and psychological distress in PACG patients.