Effects of a Strength and Creative Dance Intervention on Brain Electrical Activity, Heart Rate Variability, and Dual-Task Performance in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic disorder involving persistent widespread pain accompanied by functional limitations, cognitive impairments, and alterations in neural processing. Previous research indicates that exercise-based interventions can play a key role in alleviating symptom burden and enhancing physical performance; however, there is limited evidence regarding their impact on neurophysiological mechanisms. Creative dance, in combination with strength training, may stimulate both motor and cognitive systems, promoting brain plasticity and functional improvements. This study will analyze the effects of a six-week strength and creative dance program on physical fitness under single- and dual-task conditions in women with fibromyalgia and will explore the associated changes in brain electrical activity and autonomic modulation. Methods: This randomized controlled trial will be divided into an exercise group (<i>n</i> = 22) and a control group (<i>n</i> = 22). The 6-week supervised intervention consists of two 60-min sessions per week, combining strength exercises and creative dance. Primary outcomes include physical fitness tests (strength, mobility, balance, and agility gait test in single-task and dual-task), fibromyalgia symptoms, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes include changes in electroencephalography, heart rate variability, physical activity level, and fear of falling. Statistical analyses will compare within- and between-group differences using non-parametric tests and effect sizes. It is hypothesized that the intervention will improve physical fitness and dual-task performance, alongside increases in brain activity power. This study may provide insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of exercise benefits in fibromyalgia.