ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA: FROM BALLOT BOX SNATCHING TO TECHNOLOGICAL FRAUD, FOURTH REPUBLIC IN PERSPECTIVE

Research problem Various forms of electoral misconduct ranging from ballot box snatching to technological fraud have undermined the integrity of the electoral process in Nigeria, posing several challenges to the consolidation of democracy in the country. Based on the above, this study examined electoral malpractices and democratic consolidation in Nigeria fourth republic focusing on ballot box snatching, technological fraud, etc. Method/Theory The study adopts the qualitative research approach which relied mainly on secondary data. Collected data were analyzed using qualitative desk analysis method, while the study was hinged on liberal theory of democracy. Results The study found that the patterns of technological fraud ranges from voter registration manipulation; biometric identity manipulation; electronic result manipulation; hacking voting machines to fake news and disinformation. Conclusion The various patterns and drivers of electoral technological fraud in Nigeria contravenes the principles of Liberal democratic theory and has greatly hindered the attainment of the much desired democratic consolidation in the country. Key contribution to knowledge The study contributes to knowledge by evaluating existing theory and crystalize discourse on elections in Nigeria. Recommendation Government should take pragmatic and proactive efforts to formulate and fully implement people-oriented economic policies that focus on providing employment opportunities, social security, maximum welfare of the citizenry, and sustained human and infrastructure development to reduce poverty.