NIGERIA –SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS: 1994 – 2015

Background The study critically examined the nature and dimensions of political and economic relations between Nigeria and the Republic of South Africa, with a specific focus on the period between 1994 and 2015. The literature revealed a chequered history of bilateral relations, shifting from hostility to warm diplomatic engagements, especially after South Africa’s transition to majority rule in 1994. Objective The main objective of the study was to explore the key factors that define and influence Nigeria–South Africa relations and to assess the challenges and prospects of this relationship within the African and global context. Methods The study employed both primary and secondary sources of data. A descriptive survey design was used, and the data were analyzed using tables and simple percentages. Theoretical insight was drawn from neoliberalism due to its relevance in explaining political and economic engagements among states. Results Findings revealed that Nigeria and South Africa have struggled to maintain harmonious political and diplomatic relations, largely due to rivalry for regional leadership. The study also found that mistrust, diplomatic tensions, and competition for continental dominance have characterized their interactions. Economically, South Africa enjoys a stronger productive base, leading to an unbalanced trade relationship that favours it over Nigeria. Conclusion The relationship between Nigeria and South Africa has been marked by both cooperation and competition, with mistrust undermining deeper integration. Despite shared interests, their rivalry continues to affect the potential for mutual benefits in bilateral relations. Key Contribution to Knowledge This study contributes to existing literature by highlighting the structural imbalance and ideological competition affecting Nigeria–South Africa relations. It contextualizes the political and economic tensions through the lens of neoliberalism and reveals the pressing need for a more pragmatic and cooperative approach in regional diplomacy. Recommendations The study recommends that both countries must view each other as strategic partners rather than competitors. Nigeria should take deliberate steps to strengthen its private sector to enhance competitiveness, balance trade, and boost regional influence. Mutual respect and a shared vision for Africa’s development should underpin future diplomatic engagements.