PLS-SEM in public procurement research: a systematic review of theoretical foundations, constructs and empirical insights

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review key theories, constructs and empirical findings from studies that applied partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) within domains of public procurement research. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted, from which 37 relevant publications from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) that met the inclusion criteria and published between 2010 and 2024 were analysed. Findings Over the period of 15 years, PLS-SEM has been widely applied in public procurement research, especially in developing countries. Past research from 2010 to 2014 focused solely on e-procurement adoption and implementation, whereas from 2015 to 2019, research interests included e-procurement adoption and implementation, strategic alliances and other aspects of the construction industry. Recent studies from 2020 to 2024 further emphasise contemporary issues such as sustainability, innovation, technology adoption and performance. Institutional theory dominates as the primary theoretical lens, followed by resource-based view and agency theory. Key constructs are based on e-procurement, user perceptions, system quality, governance, innovation, sustainability, risks and performance. Despite growing interests, little is known on evidence from moderated mediation analysis, and most reviewed studies revealed mixed research findings in the research field, offering rich opportunities for future research. Social implications The paper enhances evidence-based policymaking grounded from consolidated theoretical foundations, constructs and findings from the public procurement research. This is relevant for improving public procurement processes, and support transparency and efficiency in the public sector. Technological aspects associated with Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and blockchain have received little attention in public procurement research. Therefore, future studies should consider these technologies, as they have substantial social implications. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review that consolidates studies using PLS-SEM in public procurement research from Scopus and WoS. This review provides a foundational reference point for future research and offers a clearer picture that shapes the thematic direction of future studies that use PLS-SEM in public procurement research.