Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses elucidate functional pathways and candidate genes linked to cholesterol content in pork

Cholesterol, as a key lipid component in pork, has a role in meat quality that is still not well comprehended. This study conducts an in-depth investigation into the differential changes in metabolome and transcriptome in pork with high- and low-cholesterol content. The results identified 314 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. DAMs involved in the glycolysis/pentose phosphate pathway, amino acid derivatives, and glycerophospholipids were significantly different between the groups. DEGs were also involved in the extracellular matrix, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, etc. Enhanced glycolysis/pentose phosphate pathway, activation of amino acid transamination, and remodeling of glycerophospholipid metabolism collectively regulate cholesterol levels in the skeletal muscle. Additionally, cholesterol content is correlated with eye muscle area, drip loss, and pH. These findings offer new perspectives on how cholesterol influences meat quality and its accumulation in pork. • Metabolites and genes in pork with high and low cholesterol content compared • Glycolysis, amino acid transamination, and glycerophospholipid metabolism prominent • Eye muscle area, drip loss, and pH associated with cholesterol levels in pork