Review of adsorption isotherms models

Because of its ease of use, affordability, effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, adsorption phenomenon is a widely used separation technique in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. In a process known as an adsorption isotherm, the amount of material adsorbed by a substrate is frequently described as a function of the equilibrium concentration at a constant temperature. Understanding the layout and functionality of adsorption systems, the understanding of adsorption isotherms is required. This review study aims to provide an understanding of the concept and applications of adsorption isotherm models by highlighting the general knowledge and applications of the isotherm model to date. There has also been emphasis on the isotherm model’s classification. Furthermore, a range of isotherm models with respect to the quantity of parameters have been talked about in depth. It has also been covered how to choose the right model and the latest developments in modeling methodology. These models’ adsorption isotherm constants and goodness of fit characteristics were calculated. This review article also covers the mechanics of adsorption, several single and multi-component isotherm models, their importance, and their limitations, as well as the factors influencing competitive adsorption.