PHARMACOSOMES AS ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY CARRIERS: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

Pharmacosomes are a lipid-centered drug delivery mechanism that features a chemical bond linking drugs to phospholipids. They seek to address challenges such as inadequate water solubility, limited bioavailability, and stability concerns present in numerous pharmaceutical compounds. This review examines the fundamental structure of pharmacosomes, methods of preparation (including solvent evaporation, ether injection, and lyophilization), and key characterization techniques such as FTIR, NMR, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. The unique amphiphilic characteristics of pharmacosomes enable enhanced drug loading, greater membrane permeability, regulated and foreseeable drug release, and significantly reduced leakage in contrast to conventional vesicular systems. Therapeutic uses span a broad spectrum, encompassing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, botanical compounds, and substances for cardiovascular, anticancer, and antimicrobial applications. These therapies exhibit improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. The article discusses recent technological advancements, challenges including formulation difficulties and regulatory routes, and prospects like personalized medicine and gene delivery. Pharmacosomes signify an important development in vesicular medication delivery. They guarantee enhancements in therapeutic efficacy, patient adherence, and clinical outcomes for numerous challenging drug compounds.