So close and unnoted: a new host plant of Cerataphis brasiliensis (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract Cerataphis brasiliensis (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the palm aphid, is native to Asia and, in several countries, has been associated with some economically important palm trees (Arecaceae). This study aims to document, for the first time, the occurrence of C. brasiliensis on Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick (Arecaceae) in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The identity of the specimens was verified through both morphological and molecular analyses, specifically examining the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). The haplotype of the specimen collected on Butia palm tree exhibited over 99% homology with other sequences of C. brasiliensis , thereby confirming the species identity. Observations indicated a clear preference of the aphid for the rachillae and fruits of B. odorata . Additionally, for the first time, a mutualistic interaction between Camponotus crassus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the palm aphid was documented. Currently, C. brasiliensis is known to associate with species from four botanical families, with a predominant occurrence in Arecaceae throughout South America.