Augmented reality based indoor navigation using Vuforia engine with voice assistance for the visually impaired

Indoor navigation continues to pose a significant challenge for visually impaired individuals, as conventional positioning systems, such as GPS, are ineffective within buildings. Existing solutions typically rely on infrastructure-based technologies, but this research introduces an innovative infrastructure-free approach based on Augmented Reality (AR). The proposed solution integrates LiDAR scanning, Vuforia's visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) technology, and Unity's NavMesh algorithm to create an accessible navigation system. The major innovation is the integration of the iPhone's LiDAR capability with the Vuforia Engine SDK for creating high-quality 3D environment maps for offline use without external network access, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth beacons, or GPS. Through an AR interface with audio feedback, the system provides voice-guided instructions, dynamic pathfinding, and real-time localization. Experimental tests carried out over three floors in a challenging 800 square meter indoor area demonstrated strong performance with 0.8-meter localization and 1-meter reliable obstacle detection. Reliable frame rates between 30 to 60 FPS were consistently observed during performance testing, facilitating seamless real-time navigation. Scalability and infrastructure independence in the system facilitate public deployment in hospitals and shopping malls. This research advances accessible technology by presenting the usability of AR-based solutions for independent indoor navigation.