Comparative analysis of Chinese large language model performance on atrial fibrillation questions

The first seven Chinese Large language models (LLMs) were launched to the public on August 31st,2023.However, the extent to which Chinese LLMs can assist atrial fibrillation༈AF༉patients remains unknown. We sought to assess the Chinese LLMs performance of providing responses to AF patient questions. This cross-sectional study compared seven Chinese LLM chatbots including ABAB, Baichuan, Chatglm, Doubao, Ernie bot, Sensechat and ZidongTaichu. First, cardiologists compiled a list of frequently asked questions by patients with AF. Responses from LLMs were collected. We developed a scoring system known as SCECCE, which consists of 6 aspects including safety, correctness, error, completeness, conciseness and elaboration. Each response was assessed by an expert committee according to SCECCE scoring system. A total of 231 responses were obtained. Overall, the median SCECCE score was 10[IQR, 7–10] with a mean(SD) score of 8.6(2.0). No significant statistical differences were observed in SCECCE scores among seven LLMs(p = 0.08). The maximum total SCECCE score was 330 points. Ernie bot attained the highest total score of 299 points. Doubao provided safe responses to 97% of the questions. In terms of correctness and error, the overall comparison of each group showed no statistically significant difference. Ernie bot exhibited the best performance with an accuracy rate of 87.9%. Our findings from this preliminary study suggested that certain Chinese LLMs could generate accurate and comprehensive answers to specific patient questions on atrial fibrillation. Nevertheless, this performance does not warrant clinical application, with safety being a foremost concern among the considerable challenges that lie ahead.