Features of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters and Chromosomal Disorders in Lymphocytes of Aging Primates of the Kurchatovsky Complex of Medical Primatology

Aging is a key challenge for modern society. In particular, brain aging is accompanied by chronic inflammation, depletion of energy potential, and an increased level of oxidative stress, with changes in blood composition playing a special role in this process. Recent studies also show that aging progresses non-linearly throughout life. Primates are genetically and anthropometrically the closest laboratory animals to humans, thus representing the most accurate model for research. This study establishes baseline values for biochemical parameters (including the state of the body's antioxidant system), cellular-hematological, and genomic indicators in aging primates of various species, sexes, and ages from the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology. In aging males, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products was lower than in females of the same age and species. Analysis of antioxidant defense parameters indicates a more stable redox balance in old cynomolgus macaques of both sexes, which may be associated with their lower aggressiveness and high adaptability. The biochemical profile analysis in aging rhesus macaques revealed that females exhibit elevated levels of all measured parameters. In aging cynomolgus macaques, there are fewer sex-related differences in blood composition characteristics compared to rhesus macaques. It can be noted that under the housing conditions of the primates at the nursery of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology, several types of aging based on blood parameters can be observed within the same age category across different species and sexes.