Incidence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of main bacterial isolates from patients with communityacquired urinary tract infections in North of Iraq

Community-acquired UTI pathogens in Sulaimani showed high resistance to widely used oral antibiotics, while carbapenems and nitrofurantoin remained effective. Higher resistance was especially noted among older adults, men, and patients with diabetes or renal disease. These findings highlight the need for improved empirical therapy and ongoing resistance surveillance.