Evaluation of factors affecting Pneumonia Severity Index and antibiotic resistance status in culture-proven bacterial pneumonia

In culture-proven bacterial pneumonia, comorbidity burden, antimicrobial resistance-particularly multidrug resistance-and elevated immune-inflammatory biomarkers are associated with higher PSI scores. These findings highlight the importance of considering community-onset healthcare-associated pneumonia and integrating local antimicrobial resistance surveillance and laboratory biomarkers into clinical risk stratification. Further multicenter prospective studies are warranted to validate these associations.