Analysis of Serum Metabolites in Children With Moderate‐to‐Severe Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Dust Mites and Its Early Subcutaneous Immunotherapy

This study aims to compare serum metabolite levels in children with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis caused by dust mites and healthy children, before and during early subcutaneous immunotherapy, using LC-MS technology. Serum samples from 40 moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis patients sensitized to dust mites (20 undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy) and 30 healthy controls were analyzed using metabolomics technology. Data analysis included PCA and OPLS-DA to identify differential metabolites and abnormal metabolic pathways associated with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and subcutaneous immunotherapy. The study revealed significant differences between groups. Three metabolic pathways showed significant correlation between the AR and control groups, with nine metabolites meeting the criteria. Seven metabolic pathways showed significant correlation between the presubcutaneous and postsubcutaneous immunotherapy groups, with 22 metabolites meeting the criteria. The study suggests a potential link between moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis in children triggered by dust mites and disruptions in glycerophospholipid, arachidonic acid, and glyceride metabolism pathways. Subcutaneous immunotherapy may modulate these pathways. Some related metabolites (PC(PGD1/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)), LPC 22:6, 5(S)-HETE, etc.) may serve as potential biomarkers for moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis in children and for the early stage of subcutaneous immunotherapy.